Physiological and Ultrastructural Changes in Dendranthema morifolium Cultivars Exposed to Different Cadmium Stress Conditions

Ornamental plant species may vary substantially in their tolerance response to heavy metals. The aim of this research was check chrysanthemum cultivars, namely Donglin Ruixue (C), Yellow (F), Red pocket (G), and New 9714 (I), which are commonly used as landscape plants determine levels cadmium (Cd) at different concentrations through hydroponic cultures. Chrysanthemum cultivars were treated with five Cd (0, 10, 20, 50, 100 mg L−1) physiological, enzymatic, ultra-structure traits taken under consideration vitro. results showed that concentration significantly inhibited the total chlorophyll content, a, b, carotenoid content. Chlorophyll contents reduced higher all but reduction rates cultivar F (59.49%), G (40.41%), I (44.97%), C (33.86%). Similarly, b than a (73.33%), followed by (58.06%), (61.66%), (32.43%), stress conditions. Additionally, relative conductivity recorded (146.48%), (223.66%), (165.96%), (154.92%), respectively, L−1 concentrations. Likewise, MDA increased high stress, 155.56, 325.27, 173.91, 322.18%, C, F, G, L−1, it promoted greater increase cultivars. SOD CAT activities L−1. In same way, POD activity ultrastructure changes also occurred i.e., 20 these caused alterations cell organelles, including chloroplast, grana, lamella, thylakoid, stroma. They noticeable damage mitochondria It concluded antioxidative defense indicated ability tolerate These could, therefore, be for phytoremediation potential Cd-contaminated areas.